A special issue of the IEEE J-STARS on High Performance Computing in Earth Observation and Remote Sensing has been recently approved by the J-STARS steering committee. Advances in sensor technology are revolutionizing the way Eart Observation (EO) and remote sensing data are collected, managed and processed. Latest-generation EO Instruments onboard airborne and satellite platforms are currently producing a nearly-continual stream of high-dimensional data, and this explosion in the amount of collected information has rapidly introduced new processing challenges. In particular, many current and future applications of remote sensing in EO, space science, and soon in planetary exploration science, require the incorporation of high performance computing practices to address applications with high scoietal impact such as monitoring of natural disasters including earthquakes and floods, or tracking of man-induced hazards such as wild-land and forest fires, oil spills and other types of chemical contamination.

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